The First entry in the dictionary identifies the first object in the object stream. In PDF 1. Each cross-reference stream contains the information equivalent to the cross-reference table and trailer. First of all, we must know that any object in a PDF document can be labeled as an indirect object. This gives the object a unique object identifier, which other objects can use to reference the indirect object. By declaring an object an indirect object, we are able to use it in the PDF document cross-reference table and reuse it by any page, dictionary and so on in the document.
Since every indirect object has its own entry in the cross-reference table, the indirect objects may be accessed very quickly. The object identifier of the indirect object consists of two parts; the first part is an object number of the current indirect object. The second part is the generation number, which is set to zero for all objects in a newly-created file. This number is later incremented when the objects are updated.
We can refer to the indirect objects with indirect reference, which consists of the object number, the generation number and the keyword R. To reference the above indirect object, we must write something like below:. Most of the objects in a PDF document are dictionaries. Page objects are connected together and form a page tree, which is declared with an indirect reference in the document catalog.
The whole structure of the PDF document can be represented with the picture below [1]:. Figure 7: Structure of the PDF document source. In the picture above, we can see that the document catalog contains references to the page tree, outline hierarchy, article threads, named destinations and interactive form.
From the picture above, we can see that the Document Catalog is the root of the objects in the PDF document. It also contains the information that declares how the document will be displayed on the screen. The entries in the document catalog are as follows:. The reader can take a look at our sources for details.
An example of the document catalog is presented below: 1 0 obj. The pages of the document are accessed through the page tree, which defines all the pages in the PDF document.
The tree contains nodes that represent pages of the PDF document, which can be of two types: intermediate and leaf nodes. Intermediate nodes are also called page tree nodes, while the leaf nodes are called page objects. The simplest page tree structure can consist of a single page tree node that references all of the page objects directly so all of the page objects are leafs. Each node in a page tree has to have the following entries:. A basic example of a page tree can be seen below: 2 0 obj.
We can also see that the leaves of the page tree are dictionaries specifying the attributes of a single page of the document. There are multiple attributes that we can use when defining them for each document page. Figure 8: Simple document. We can see that the. We can compile the. The resulting PDF then looks like this shown in the picture below:. Figure 9: Result. Fullbanner This is pdfTeX, Version 3. We also need to remember that all the encoded data streams were removed and replaced with three dots for clarity and brevity.
The header can be seen in the picture below:. Figure PDF header. Figure PDF body. Figure PDF xref. Labels: core java , date and time tutorial. July 28, at PM Anonymous said July 28, at PM Swami said July 31, at AM Unknown said December 12, at AM Anonymous said Newer Post Older Post Home. Subscribe to: Post Comments Atom. Subscribe for Discounts and Updates Follow. Search This Blog.
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